Recording equipment: Marantz PMD-420, Sennheiser K3N+ME80

Digital processing of recordings: Software- Signal/RTS (® Engineering Design)
Hardware- AD interface DT 281 (16 bits, sampling rate=25 kHz)
DSO32C-80 board (arithmetic accelerator)
FDI 901F low and high filter (200 Hz, 10 kHz; 30 kHz, 48db/octave)

Period of Recording: September 19th 1990 to February 3rd 1991

Recorded by: Dr. Francisco Dyonísio Cardoso Mendes
PPG-CdC Ciências do Comportamento
Depto de Processos Psicológicos Básicos
Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília

Recordings and Data Collection

All sound files were recorded at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdalla (former Biological Station of Caratinga - 19o 50’S 41o 50’ W), in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as part of Mendes (1995) PhD research. Detailed information about the study site, its muriqui population and the long-term research project on the species can be found in the book “Faces in the Forest”, by K.B. Strier.

Audio recordings were made with a Marantz PMD-420 cassete recorder and a Sennheiser K3N+ME80 microphone. Segments of recordings containing sequential calls were digitized and stored using a Signal/RTS system (16 bits, sample rate of 25 KhZ).

The 570 sound files were obtained from September 19th 1990 to February 3rd of 1991; they were recorded during 190 out of the first 460 focal animal samplings and in 76 out of the first 95 ad libitum samplings conducted during this period. Focal animal samplings were 5 minutes blocks of continuous recordings of a single individual (and surrounding sounds). Ad libitum samplings were opportunistic recordings with different durations (from 1 to 14 minutes). Contextual data on the behavior and on the social context of identified callers were announced on tape and/or written on datasheets during both focal animal and ad libitum samplings.

The data set used to build this databank belongs to a larger set with more detailed contextual data obtained from a larger number of focal animal and ad libitum samplings. However, correspondent sound files are only available for the sampling sessions used in this databank: the first 460 focal animal and 95 ad libitum samples.

Publications

Publications that have used part or all data and vocalizations in this databank include:

• Mendes, F.D.C. (1995). Interações vocais do muriqui. PhD thesis. University of São Paulo
• Mendes, F.D.C. (1997). Padrões de interações vocais do muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus). In: A Primatologia no Brasil, vol. 5. (Ferrari, S.F. & Schneider, H., eds.). Editora Universitária - UFPA. Belém. (pgs 95 - 118)
• Ades, C. & Mendes, F.D.C. (1997). Uma aproximação às vocalizações do muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus). Temas em Psicologia, 3:135- 149.
• Mendes, F.D.C. & Ades, C. (2004). Vocal sequential exchanges and intragroup spacing in the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus). Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 76(2): 399-404
• Demolin, D.; Ades, C. & Mendes, F.D.C. (2010). Prosodic features in northern muriquis’ vocalizations. The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (EVOLANG8). Utrecht, Netherlandpp. pgs:91-98.
• Demolin, D.; Ades, C. & Mendes, F.D.C. (2011) Nonlinear phenomena in muriqui vocalizations. 18th International Congress of Sound and Vibration. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. pgs: 1-7

REFERENCES

• Aguirre, AC (1971). O mono Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy) – Situação atual da espécie no Brasil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciência. ABC, Rio de Janeiro. 53pp.
• Arnedo, LF (2010). Patterns of acoustic variation of the staccato and neigh vocalizations of northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). PhD thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison.
• Arnedo, LF; Mendes FDC & Strier KB (2010). Sex Differences in Vocal Patterns in the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). American Journal of Primatology 71:1–7.
• Clay, Z; Archbold, J & Zuberbühler, K (2015), Functional flexibility in wild bonobo vocal behaviour. PeerJ3:e1124; DOI10.7717/peerj.1124.
• de Cunha R.G.T., de Oliveira D.A.G., Holzmann I., Kitchen D.M. (2015) Production of Loud and Quiet Calls in Howler Monkeys. In: Kowalewski M., Garber P., Cortés-Ortiz L., Urbani B., Youlatos D. (eds) Howler Monkeys. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY.
• de Melo, FR; Cosenza, BAP; Ferraz, DS; Souza, SLF; Nery, MS & Rocha, MJR (2005). The near extinction of a population of Northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 13(1):10-14. https://doi.org/10.1896/1413-4705.13.1.10.
• Di Bitteti, MS & Wheeler, BC (2017). The vocal repertoire of the black-horned capuchin ( Cebus [ Sapajus ] nigritus ): an acoustic and contextual analysis. In: Primatology in Argentina, vol 2. Kowalewski, M.M. & Oaklander, L.I. (eds). pp:171–199.
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• Fischer, J & Price, T (2017). Meaning, intention, and inference in primate vocal communication. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 82: 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.014
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• Mendes, FDC (1990). Afiliação e hierarquia no muriqui. Master’s dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo.
• Mendes, FDC (1995). Interações vocais do muriqui. PhD thesis. Universidade de São Paulo.
• Mendes, FDC (1997). Padrões de interação vocal do muriqui. In: A Primatologia no Brasil, vol. 5. (Ferrari, S.F. & Schneider, H., eds.). Editora Universitária - UFPA. Belém. pp 95 – 118.
• Mendes, FDC & Ades, C (2004). Vocal sequential exchanges and intragroup spacing in the Northern Muriqui Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 76(2): 399-404. Doi: 10.1590/S0001-37652004000200032.
• Miller, CT & Thomas, AW (2012). Individual recognition during bouts of antiphonal calling in common marmosets. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 198, 337–346.
• Milton, K. (1985). Mating patterns of woolly spider monkeys, Brachyteles arachnoides: implications for female choice. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 17: 53–59.
• Morton, ES (1977). On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds. The American Naturalist, 111(981): 855-869.
• Myers, N; Mittermeier, RA ; Mittermeier, CG; da Fonseca, GAB & Kent, J (2000). Biodeversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403 (6772), 853-858. Doi:10.1038/35002501.
• Nishimura, A (1979). In search of woolly spider monkey. In: Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys 1, Kyoto University Primates Research Institute, Inuyama, pp. 21–37.
• Snowdon, CT (1997). Affiliative processes and vocal development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 807:340–351.
• Snowdon, CT & Cleveland, J (1984). “Conversations” among pygmy marmosets. American Journal of Primatology, 7: 15–20.
• Schamberg, I; Cheney, DL; Clay, Z; Hodmann, G & Seyfarth, RM (2016). Call combinations, vocal exchanges and interparty movement in wild bonobos. Animal Behaviour, 122: 109-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.003.
• Strier, KB (1986) The behavior and ecology of the wooly spider monkey, or muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides - E. Geoffroy 1806). PhD thesis. University of Harvard. Cambridge, MA.
• Strier, KB; Possamai, CB; Tabacow, FP; Pissinatti, A; Lanna, AM; Rodrigues de Melo, F, et al. (2017) Demographic monitoring of wild muriqui populations: Criteria for defining priority areas and monitoring intensity. PLoSONE 12(12): e0188922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188922.
• Strier, KB (1992) Causes and consequences of nonaggression in the woolly spider monkey, or muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides). In: Silverberg, J. e Gray, J. P. (eds), Aggression and peacefulness in humans and other primates. University of Oxford Press, Nova York. pp 100 – 116.
• Strier KB (1992). Causes and consequences of nonaggression in woolly spider monkeys. In Aggression and Peacefulness in Humans and Other Primates (Silverberg J, Gray JP, eds.), pp 100–116. New York, Oxford University Press.
• Strier, KB; Dib LT & Figueira, JEC (2002) Social dynamics of male muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus). Behaviour, 139: 315 – 342.
• Strier, KB; Possamai, CB & Mendes, SL (2015) Dispersal Patterns of Female Northern Muriquis: Implications for Social Dynamics, Life History, and Conservation. In: Furuichi T., Yamagiwa J., Aureli F. (eds) Dispersing Primate Females. Primatology Monographs. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55480-6_1.
• Strier, KB (2007) What New World primates contribute to primatology. In: A Primatologia no Brasil, vol. 10. J.C. Bicca-Marques, Editor. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia Porto Alegre, RS, pp 1-16.
• Strier, KB (1999). Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 170 pp.
• Symington, MM (1990). Fission-fusion social organization in Ateles and Pan. International Journal of Primatology, 11: 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02193695.
• Talebi, M; Beltrão-Mendes, R & Lee, PC (2009). Intra-community coalitionary lethal attack of an adult male southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides). Am J Primatol, 71(10): 860-867.
• Tokuda, M; Boubli, JP; Izar, P & Strier, KB (2012) Social cliques in male northern muriquis Brachyteles hypoxanthus.Current Zoology, 58 (2): 342-352.